Principles
SERENE
- Solid
- Equalized
- Redundant
- Efficient
- No Extension
- If one placement fails, system shouldn't shock-load remaining pieces
Anchor Types
1. Sliding X
### Advantages
- Self-equalizing
- Can be extended longer (Good when you only have short slings)
- Good for top-rope setups (rope moves around easily)
### Disadvantages
- Can be too long
- Large range of motion
- If one side fails, that side may slide all the way down -> Shock Load (❌ Fails – No Extension)
- **CRITICAL**: Must twist the middle slings to prevent catastrophic failure
### Key Notes
- Twisting all slings works but makes sliding harder
- Not twisting may be catastrophic if one side gives way (whole system may fail)
- Tying a knot at each placement loop reduces extension
## 2. Big Fat Knot (BFK)
### Setup
1. Pull two strands from each placement
2. Tie a clove hitch on the first placement to prevent sling tab from sliding
3. For easier handling: take middle strands, tie a loop, insert carabiner first, then tie knot
4. Attach master carabiner to the knot
### Advantages
- Simple to construct
- Minimal range of motion
- Short (usually beneficial)
- Perfect for 3 placements
- Can attach to shelf by clipping each strand (Optimal to place GriGri here)
### Disadvantages
- Not self-equalizing (pre-equalized)
- Difficult to tie with >3 placements (requires 2n strands where n = number of placements)
### Key Notes
- Ensure knot is equalized toward the direction of the seconding climber
## 3. Hybrid System (4-5 Placements)
### Method
- Create sliding X mini-anchors for pairs of placements
- Connect mini-anchors with other placements using Quad or BFK
- **Example (4 placements)**: Tie sliding X for 2 placements, then connect with remaining 2 placements via BFK
[This is an example showing a sliding X with a Quad](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Dx2w358rWY) (albeit only 3 placements)
# General Placement Notes
## Placement Strategy
- **Preferred**: Place in different cracks
- **Minimum**: Space placements far apart if using same crack
## Top-Rope Specific Setup
- Extend anchor with sling if needed (prevents rope rubbing on ledge)
- **Carabiners**: Use lockers (non-lockers acceptable if gates face away from rock)
- **Number of placements**:
- Multi-pitch: 3 placements sufficient if rock quality is good
- Top-rope: 4-5 placements recommended
- Prefer a **self equalizing** anchor as the climber may pull the anchor from different directions
## Footnotes
Not covered here
References
- Video on Trad Anchor Systems
- Short 3 hour course I've taken in Long Dong, Taiwan (Cut short due to bad weather)